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外国人在华就业新规解读
The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of China (the “MOHRSS”) has promulgated the newly revised Regulationon the Administration of Employment of Foreigners in China (the "New Regulation") on March 13, 2017. The Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs, the MOHRSS, theMinistry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Public Security have jointly issued the Circular on Fully Implementing the Permit System for Foreigners toWork in China (the "Permit System") on March 28, 2017. The aforesaid Regulation has made certain changes and significant new provisions to the employment system for the foreign employees which may have significant impacton the management and regulation of the foreign employees in China and attraction of foreign high-end talent to cometo China for employment. This is also an fairly important measure for China to attract and retain foreign high-end talent in the context of new era.
一、《新规定》的修改内容
The Revised Content of the New Regulations
《新规定》的修改内容主要有两点：一是将职业签证改为Z字签证，使其保持与《外国人入境出境管理条例》所规定的签证类型一致；二是申请签证的材料取消了被授权单位的通知签证函，并根据政府简政放权的要求简化了Z字签证相应的办理程序，其他内容没有改变。
There are two main changes to the new regulations.First, the professional visa is changed to the Z visa to keep consistent with the visa classification under the Regulations on Administration of the Entry and Exit of Foreigners. Second, the notice letter of the authorized unit to apply for a visa is cancelled, and the application procedure of the Z visa is correspondingly simplified according to the Government’s requirement of streamlining administration and delegating power. The rest provisions have remained.
Interpretation of the Permit System
The Guiding Principles of the Permit System
践行“聚天下英才而用之”的战略思想，深入实施人才优先发展战略和就业优先战略，坚持“鼓励高端，控制一般，限制低端”原则，健全外国人才来华工作管理制度，实现外国人来华工作许可、签证、居留有机衔接，逐步形成具有国际竞争力的人才制度优势和平衡保护国内就业市场的制度环境，更好地服务于国家重大战略实施和经济社会发展。
Practice the strategy thought of “gathering the world’s elite”, depth implement the strategy of talent priority development and employment priority,adhere to the principle of “encouraging high-end, controlling the general,limiting the low-end”, and perfect the management system of foreigners working in China, to realize the organic convergence of the work permits, visas and residence of foreigners, gradually form the institutional environment of an international competitive talent system and balancing protection of the domestic employment market, better serve the implementation of major national strategies and the development of economic and social.
2许可制度的主要任务
The Main Tasks of the Permit System
1.全面实施外国人来华工作许可制度。实行来华工作外国人统一管理，简化申请材料，优化审批流程，规范申请标准，完善高效合理、科学反映市场需求的外国人来华工作分类标准，为外国高端人才来华工作、创新创业开辟“绿色通道”，提高服务保障水平。
1) To fully implement the permit system. To release unified management of the work of foreigners, simplify the application materials, optimize the approval process, standardize the application criteria, improve the efficient and reasonable classification standards of foreigners working in China to reflect the market demand scientifically, open up the “Green channel” for foreign high-end talent to work, innovate and entrepreneurship in China, and improvethe level of service security.
2.创新互联网+政务服务运用。构建统一、规范、多级联动的“互联网+政务服务”技术和服务体系，形成“前台综合受理、后台分类审批、统一窗口出件”模式。外专、人社、外交、公安等部门要加强信息共享，整合共享公共服务资源，实现政务服务的标准化、精准化、便捷化、平台化、协同化。
2) To innovate the use of Internet plus government services. To build aunified, standardized and multi-level linkage of the "Internet plusgovernment services" technology and service system, and form the model of"front desk reception, backstage classification for approval procedure, unified window output". The ministries including the Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs, the MOHRSS, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Public Security shall strengthen the sharing of information, integrate the sharing public service resources, to achieve the standardization, precision,convenience, platform, and synergy of government services.
3.加强事中事后监管。加强外国人来华工作领域的政务诚信、商务诚信和个人诚信体系建设，建立用人单位、在华工作外国人、受委托专门机构信用记录形成、归集、公示、使用机制，运用大数据加强对市场主体服务监管，健全守信激励和失信惩戒机制。
3) To strengthen the regulation in process and afterwards. To strengthen the establishment of the system of government integrity, business integrity and personal integrity of foreigners to work in China; to establish the formation,collection, publicity, use mechanism of credit records of employers, foreigners employees in China, commissioned specialized agencies, use large data mechanism to strengthen the supervision of market subject service, sound the mechanism of trustworthy incentives and dishonesty disciplinary.
3具体实施
Specific Implementation
2017年4月1日起，全国统一实施外国人来华工作许可制度，将原两套旧版证件整合为一套新版证件，一证一码、终身不变：
Since 1st April of 2017, the permit system was unified implemented nationwide, integrating the original two sets of old documents into one fresh set of documents, onecard one code, life-long unchanged:
旧版证件：《外国专家来华工作许可证》《外国专家证》和《外国人就业许可证》《外国人就业证》，新版证件：《外国人工作许可通知》和《外国人工作许可证》。
Old documents include "Foreign experts working permit", "foreignexpert certificate" and "foreign employment permit","foreign employment certificate", the new version documents include "foreignerswork permit notice" and "foreigners work permit".
来华工作外国人凭两证办理相关签证和居留手续。现行有效期内的旧版证件继续有效、可以自愿换领新版证件。
Foreign employees in China are required to apply the visa and proceed withthe residence approval procedures with the two certificates. The old documents within the current validity period shall continue to be valid and can be renewed for new copies voluntarily.
4外国人来华工作分类标准
Classification Criteria of the Foreign Employees
为建立科学、实用的外国人才评估体系，新制度将来华工作外国人分为A类外国高端人才、B类专业人才、C类普通人员三类，按标准实行分类管理。
To establish a scientific and practical foreign talent assessment system, foreigners working in China are classified into the following three categories: Class A: foreign high-end talent; Class B: professionals; Class C: ordinarystaff by the new system. The above employees shall be managed in accordance with the different classification.
1.A类外国高端人才是指中国经济社会急需的科学家、科技领军人才、国际企业家、专门特殊人才等“高精尖缺”外国高端人才。其中对A类人才中的创新创业人才作出了明确规定，主要包括如下三类人才：
1) Class A refers to scientists, science and technology leading talents, international entrepreneurs, special talents and other "sophisticated" foreign high-end talents China's economic and social starve for, which made clear regulation of the innovative entrepreneurial talent, including thefollowing three categories of talent:
（1）以拥有的重大技术发明、专利等自主知识产权或专有技术出资，连续三年投资情况稳定、企业实际投资累计不低于50万美元、个人股份不低于30%的企业创始人。
a) The enterprise founder investing in significant technological inventions, patents and other independent intellectual property rights or proprietary technology, stable investment for three consecutive years, the actual investment actually not less than 500,000 dollars, and individual shares of not less than 30%.
（2）以拥有的重大技术发明、专利等自主知识产权或专有技术出资，连续三年年销售额1000万元人民币以上或年纳税额100万元人民币以上的企业董事长、法定代表人、总经理或首席技术专家。
b) Corporate chairman, legal representative, general manager or Chief technical expert investing in significant technological inventions, patents and other independent intellectual property rights or proprietary technology, annual sales revenue of more than 10 million yuan or annual tax of more than 1 million yuan for three consecutive years.
（3）列入省级有关部门制定的创新企业清单或科创职业清单的单位聘请的具有高级管理或技术职务的人员。
c) Senior management or technical person employment in unities included inthe list of innovation enterprises or scientific innovative professional madeby provincial relevant departments.
将创新创业人才归入A类外国高端人才，其目的旨在吸引更多拥有重大知识产权的企业创始人、高管和技术专家。
Classifying innovative entrepreneurial talent into category A is to attract more enterprise founders, executives and technical experts having significant intellectual property rights.
2.B类外国专业人才是指符合外国人来华工作指导目录和岗位需求，属于中国经济社会事业发展急需的专业人才，具体而言其包括如下几类人才：
2) Class B refers to the professionals meet the guide directory and jobrequirements of foreigners working in China, belonging to China's economic and social development needs of, specifically, including the following categoriesof talent:
（1）具有学士及以上学位和2年及以上相关工作经历的外国专业人才；
a) Foreign professionals with at least bachelor's degree and at least 2-year related work experience.
（2）持有国际通用职业技能资格证书或急需紧缺的技能型人才；
b) Skilled personnel holding international general vocational skills’qualification certificates or on an urgent basis.
（3）外国语言教学人员；
c) Foreign language teaching staff.
（4）平均工资收入不低于本地区上年度社会平均工资收入4倍的外籍人才；
d) Foreign talents whose average wage income of not less than 4 times theannual average wage income of the region.
（5）符合国家有关部门规定的专门人员和实施项目的人员。
e) Specialized personnel and implementation project staffs in line with the provisions of relevant departments.
3.C类工作人员是指其他满足国内劳动力市场需求，符合国家政策规定的外国人员。具体包括如下三类：
3) Class C refers to other foreign personnel who meet the needs of the domestic labor market and meet the national policies. Specifically include the following three categories:
（1）符合现行外国人在中国工作管理规定的外国人员；
a) Foreigners who meet the requirements of current foreigners' work management in China;
（2）从事临时性、短期性（不超过90日）工作的外国人员；
b) Foreign personnel engaged in temporary, short-term work (within 90 days);
（3）实施配额制管理的人员，包括根据政府间协议来华实习的外国青年、符合规定条件的外国留学生和境外高校外籍毕业生、远洋捕捞等特殊领域工作的外国人等。
c) Personnel implementing the quota system management, including foreign youth internships coming to China according to the intergovernmental agreement,foreign students, foreign college graduates, foreign fishing and other special areas of foreigners in line with the conditions.
针对上述三类不同的外国工作人员，对A类高端人才与B类专业人才国家会积极鼓励与吸引，后续国家和地方政府会出台相应的奖励和支助政策，以吸引和留住更多A类与B类人才，但同时在一定程度上限制和规范C类工作人员在华工作。由于我们正在经历经济结构调整和产业转型升级，为了实现从“中国制造”到“中国智造”的转型升级，只有吸引和留住更多A类与B类人才，才可能真正为我国的上述转型升级提供智力支持。
In view of the above three different types of foreign workers, class A and class B will be actively encouraged and attracted, the national level and local governments will introduce the corresponding incentive and support policies to attract and retain more class A and class B talents, but at the same time to limit and regulate class C personnel working in China at a certain extent. As we are experiencing of economic restructuring and industrial transformation and upgrading, in order to achieve the transformation and upgrading from "Madein China" to "China-made", only to attract and retain more Class A and B talents, it may be truly to provide intellectual support for ourcountry transformation and upgrading.
The Impact and Significanceof
the New Regulations
新制度取消了邀请函及邀请确认函申办环节，将外国人来华工作申请化繁为简。对来华工作的外国人实施分类管理，从而为引进、使用高层次外国人才创造更积极、更开放、更有效的政策环境，提高外国人才发展服务环境。通过对在华工作的外国人员的分类管理，打造吸引外国高端人才和专业人才的多元化战略，从而为我国经济的转型升级提供更好的智力支持。
The new regulations have canceled the invitation letter and the application step of the confirmation of the invitation letter, and simplified the application for foreigners to work in China. To carry out classification management of foreign employees in China so as to create a more active, openand effective policy environment for the introduction and use of high-levelforeign talents and to improve the development service environment of foreign talents. Through the classification management of foreign personnel working inChina, we will create a diversified strategy to attract foreign high-end talents and professionals, so as to provide better intellectual support for the transformation and upgrading of China's economy.
